Scientists & Inventors

80 people, in date order

• Hippocrates c. 460–c. 370 BCE, physician
• Euclid c. 325–c. 270 BCE, mathematician
• Archimedes c. 287–212 BCE, mathematician
• Eratosthenes c. 276–c. 194 BCE, mathematician
• Zhang Heng 78–139, astronomer
• Ptolemy c. 100–c. 170, astronomer
• Galen 129–c. 216, physician
• Aryabhata 476–550, mathematician
• Brahmagupta c. 598–c. 668, mathematician
• Al-Khwarizmi c. 780–c. 850, mathematician
• Ibn al-Haytham c. 965–c. 1040, physicist
• Al-Biruni 973–c. 1050, scholar
• Shen Kuo 1031–1095, polymath
• Al-Jazari 1136–1206, engineer
• Leonardo Fibonacci c. 1170–c. 1250, mathematician
• Roger Bacon c. 1219–c. 1292, philosopher of science
• Johannes Gutenberg c. 1400–1468, printer
• Nicolaus Copernicus 1473–1543, astronomer
• Paracelsus c. 1493–1541, physician
• Andreas Vesalius 1514–1564, anatomist
• Tycho Brahe 1546–1601, astronomer
• Galileo Galilei 1564–1642, astronomer
• Johannes Kepler 1571–1630, astronomer
• William Harvey 1578–1657, physician
• Pierre de Fermat 1607–1665, mathematician
• Blaise Pascal 1623–1662, mathematician
• Christiaan Huygens 1629–1695, astronomer
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 1632–1723, microscopist
• Robert Hooke 1635–1703, scientist
• Isaac Newton 1643–1727, scientist
• Daniel Fahrenheit 1686–1736, physicist
• Benjamin Franklin 1706–1790, statesman and inventor
• Carl Linnaeus 1707–1778, biologist
• Leonhard Euler 1707–1783, mathematician
• James Watt 1736–1819, inventor
• Antoine Lavoisier 1743–1794, chemist
• Edward Jenner 1749–1823, physician
• Carl Friedrich Gauss 1777–1855, mathematician
• Charles Babbage 1791–1871, mathematician
• Michael Faraday 1791–1867, physicist
• Samuel Morse 1791–1872, inventor
• Charles Darwin 1809–1882, naturalist
• Ada Lovelace 1815–1852, mathematician
• Gregor Mendel 1822–1884, geneticist
• Louis Pasteur 1822–1895, chemist
• James Clerk Maxwell 1831–1879, physicist
• Alfred Nobel 1833–1896, chemist
• Dmitri Mendeleev 1834–1907, chemist
• Alexander Graham Bell 1847–1922, inventor
• Thomas Edison 1847–1931, inventor
• Nikola Tesla 1856–1943, inventor
• Max Planck 1858–1947, physicist
• Marie Curie 1867–1934, scientist
• Wilbur Wright 1867–1912, aviation pioneer
• Orville Wright 1871–1948, aviation pioneer
• Guglielmo Marconi 1874–1937, inventor
• Albert Einstein 1879–1955, physicist
• Alexander Fleming 1881–1955, physician
• Niels Bohr 1885–1962, physicist
• Erwin Schrödinger 1887–1961, physicist
• Srinivasa Ramanujan 1887–1920, mathematician
• Edwin Hubble 1889–1953, astronomer
• Werner Heisenberg 1901–1976, physicist
• Barbara McClintock 1902–1992, geneticist
• John von Neumann 1903–1957, mathematician
• J. Robert Oppenheimer 1904–1967, physicist
• Cahit Arf 1910–1997, mathematician
• Alan Turing 1912–1954, computer scientist
• Jonas Salk 1914–1995, virologist
• Francis Crick 1916–2004, molecular biologist
• Richard Feynman 1918–1988, physicist
• Rosalind Franklin 1920–1958, chemist
• James Watson 1928–2025, molecular biologist
• Carl Sagan 1934–1996, astronomer
• Jane Goodall 1934–2025, primatologist
• Stephen Hawking 1942–2018, physicist
• Aziz Sancar 1946–, biochemist
• Geoffrey Hinton 1947–, computer scientist
• Katalin Karikó 1955–, biochemist
• Tim Berners-Lee 1955–, computer scientist